Environmental refugees: a growing phenomenon of the 21st century.

Hybrid urban space and the dichotomous citizen phenomenon in the 21st century Case Study: Tehran

Aims and contexts: Today, technology, as an integral part of life, has affected cities with fundamental and functional changes and it is known as a new feature of them in the 21st century. These changes have led to the dual specialization of life and consequently, to citizens with behavioral transformation. In other words, the hybrid urban space has created a dichotomous citizen with dual real-...

Predicting Changes of the Cultivation Areas for Astamaran and Berhi Cultivars in Iran in the 21st Century

Dates are one of the most important agricultural products exported from Iran. This plant is sensitive to environmental conditions and is not able to live and reproduce in all hot and dry areas in terms of quantity and quality. Dates have different varieties; each of them has the potential to adapt to a region of arid regions and can have the most production and economic yield in its proper plac...

The Challenges of Cognitive Neuroscience in the 21st Century

16th century Persian tiles in dialogue with 21st century digital tiles in the Sadrian universe

This article brings together tiles of 16th century Persian architecture and 21st century digital tiles of moving image to explore new potentials beyond the perceived image. As minimal parts of a bigger image, they both appear still and motionless. However, Persian Islamic philosopher, Mulla Sadrā Shirazi’s (1571-1640) theory of ‘substantial motion’ (al-harakat a...

Sustainable Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination as Green Desalination in the 21st Century

Seawater reverse osmosis desalination (SWRO) requires less energy compared with the distillation method and thus is an important technology except Middle Eastern countries whereenergy costs are higher. Recently, even Middle Eastern countries where the distillation method is still a major technology, have begun adopting the RO method in new desalinationplants in line with government ...